Description: This technical article will walk you through the steps of how to reset the NVRAM / PRAM on your Mac Computer.

1. There are times when your Mac computer may act up and not function correctly. Your Mac stores certain information and settings in a special memory location even when it is turned off. On Intel Macs, the memory location is known as NVRAM and on PowerPC Macs it is known as PRAM.
2. The information that is stored in the NVRAM/PRAM can include:
• Speaker Volume
• Screen Resolution
• Startup Disk Selection
• Recent Kernel Panic Info
3. If any issues arise related to these functions the NVRAM or PRAM may need to be reset. Issue that may indicate that the NVRAM or PRAM needs to be reset would be on system startup another boot disk is selected or a question mark icon appears.
4. How to reset the NVRAM/PRAM
• Shut down your MAC.
• Locate the following keys on the keyboard: Command, Option, P and R. You will need to hold these keys down simultaneously in step D.
• Turn on the computer.
• Press and hold the Command-Option-P-R keys before the screen appears.
• Hold the keys down until the computer restarts and you hear the startup sound for the second time.
• Release the keys.
5. Once the NVRAM/PRAM has been reset you may need to reset settings such as speaker volume, screen resolution and startup disk selection.